The article presents the involvement of the Basilian Order of the Lithuanian Province in the development of the exact and natural sciences in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1773 and 1839. The dissolution of the Jesuit Order created an opportunity for the Basilians to develop their educational activities. They were the only religious congregation that responded to the offer of cooperation from the Commission of National Education. Many of them were educated at the University of Vilnius. They chose to attend lectures on physics, mathematics, astronomy, natural history, and mineralogy. They used the knowledge they acquired in their didactic work in schools, scientific activities and in the transfer of knowledge to society at large. By engaging in the development of scientific education, the Basilians created an educational path which enabled the intellectual development of young people from peripheral areas and social advancement based on intellectual potential. The activities of the monks contributed to the development of the Vilnius academic community and the improvement of the level of education.

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